Introduction
Most crawling frameworks used for scraping cannot be used for Javascript or Ajax. Their scope is limited to those sites that show their main content without using scripting. One would also be tempted to connect a specific crawler to a Javascript engine but it’s not easy to do. You need a fully functional browser with good DOM support because the browser behavior is too complex for a simple connection between a crawler and a Javascript engine to work. There is a list of resources at the end of this article to explore the alternatives in more depth.
There are several ways to scrape a site that contains Javascript:
- Embed a web browser within an application and simulate a normal user.
- Remotely connect to a web browser and automate it from a scripting language.
- Use special purpose add-ons to automate the browser
- Use a framework/library to simulate a complete browser.
Each one of these alternatives has its pros and cons. For example using a complete browser consumes a lot of resources, especially if we need to scrape websites with a lot of pages.
In this post we’ll give a simple example of how to scrape a web site that uses Javascript. We will use the htmlunit library to simulate a browser. Since htmlunit runs on a JVM we will use Jython, an [excellent] programming language,which is a Python implementation in the JVM. The resulting code is very clear and focuses on solving the problem instead of on the aspects of programming languages.
Setting up the environment
Prerequisites
- JRE or JDK.
- Download the latest version of Jython from http://www.jython.org/downloads.html.
- Run the .jar file and install it in your preferred directory (e.g: /opt/jython).
- Download the htmlunit compiled binaries from: http://sourceforge.net/projects/htmlunit/files/.
- Unzip the htmlunit to your preferred directory.
Crawling example
We will scrape the Gartner Magic Quadrant pages at: http://www.gartner.com/it/products/mq/mq_ms.jsp . If you look at the list of documents, the links are Javascript code instead of hyperlinks with http urls. This is may be to reduce crawling, or just to open a popup window. It’s a very convenient page to illustrate the solution.
gartner.py
import com.gargoylesoftware.htmlunit.WebClient as WebClient
import com.gargoylesoftware.htmlunit.BrowserVersion as BrowserVersion
def main():
webclient = WebClient(BrowserVersion.FIREFOX_3_6) # creating a new webclient object.
url = "http://www.gartner.com/it/products/mq/mq_ms.jsp"
page = webclient.getPage(url) # getting the url
articles = page.getByXPath("//table[@id='mqtable']//tr/td/a") # getting all the hyperlinks
for article in articles:
print "Clicking on:", article
subpage = article.click() # click on the article link
title = subpage.getByXPath("//div[@class='title']") # get title
summary = subpage.getByXPath("//div[@class='summary']") # get summary
if len(title) > 0 and len(summary) > 0:
print "Title:", title[0].asText()
print "Summary:", summary[0].asText()
# break
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
run.sh
/opt/jython/jython -J-classpath "htmlunit-2.8/lib/*" gartner.py
Final notes
This article is just a starting point to move ahead of simple crawlers and point the way for further research. As this is a simple page, it is a good choice for a clear example of how Javascript scraping works.You must do your homework to learn to crawl more web pages or add multithreading for better performance. In a demanding crawling scenario a lot of things must be taken into account, but this is a subject for future articles.
If you want to be polite don’t forget to read the robots.txt file before crawling…
If you like this article, you might also be interested in
- Distributed Scraping With Multiple Tor Circuits
- Precise Scraping with Google Chrome
- Running Your Own Anonymous Rotating Proxies
- Automated Browserless OAuth Authentication for Twitter
Resources
- HtmlUnit
- ghost.py is a webkit web client written in python
- Crowbar web scraping environment
- Google Chrome remote debugging shell from Python
- Selenium web application testing system – Watir – Sahi – Windmill Testing Framework
- Internet Explorer automation
- jSSh Javascript Shell Server for Mozilla
- http://trac.webkit.org/wiki/QtWebKit
- Embedding Gecko
- Opera Dragonfly
- PyAuto: Python Interface to Chromum’s automation framework
- Related questions on Stack Overflow
- Scrapy
- EnvJS: Simulated browser environment written in Javascript
- Setting up Headless XServer and CutyCapt on Ubuntu
- CutyCapt: Capture WebKit’s rendering of a web page.
- Google webmaste blog: A spider’s view of Web 2.0
- OpenQA
- Python Webkit DOM Bindings
- Berkelium Browser
- uBrowser
- Using HtmlUnit on .NET for Headless Browser Automation (using IKVM)
- Zombie.js
- PhantomJS
- PyPhantomJS
- CasperJS
- Web Inspector Remote
- Offscreen/Headless Mozilla Firefox (via @brutuscat)
- Web Scraping with Google Spreadsheets and XPath
- Web Scraping with YQL and Yahoo Pipes
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